The Start of Christianity in Egypt
While Jesus, Mary and Joseph took refuge in Egypt under the persecution of Herod, tradition states that Christianity officially came to Egypt through St Mark the Evangelist who became Egypt’s first Patriarch and Pope.
Alexandria soon became the centre for learning, boasting the Library of Alexandria and the Catechetical School. Soon after, Ptolemy Philadelphus ordered Jewish scholars to translate the Bible into Greek, which became known as the Septuagint. In the third century, “the Holy Bible, in its two Testaments, the Old and the New, was translated from the Greek to the Coptic language” and St Athanasius, Pope and Patriarch of the Coptic Orthodox Church, defeated Arianism resulting in the creedal statement of 325 AD known as the Nicene Creed.
The Anglican presence in Egypt
1819 - first CMS missionary to Egypt
1839 - Land given to the Anglican Church and St Mark’s Anglican Church in Alexandria, Egypt was consecrated on 17th December
1876 - On 23rd January, All Saints’, initially "just a small parish church" was consecrated in Cairo, Egypt by Bishop Samuel Gobat with the Duke of Sutherland laying the foundation stone
1888 - Revd Llewellyn Gwynne and Dr Frank Harpur established hospitals and clinics in Egypt
1899 - Revd Llewellyn Gwynne and Dr Frank Harpur travelled to Sudan to establish medical clinics and schools
1905 - Revd Llewellyn Gwynne appointed archdeacon for the Sudan
1908 - Archdeacon Llewellyn Gwynne consecrated as suffragan bishop of Khartoum, under the Diocese of Jerusalem
1909 - St Mary’s Church consecrated near the British outposts in Garden City (Cairo)
1912 - All Saints Cathedral in Khartoum consecrated
1914-1916 - Egypt became a British Protectorate and the Bishop of Jerusalem decided “the time had come for the construction in Cairo of a church worthy of our religion and our name.”
1920 - The Diocese of Egypt and the Sudan was formed with The Rt Revd Llewelyn Gwynne as its first bishop (enthroned on 21 November 1921)
During World War I and World War II, the British established chaplaincies throughout the Middle East and The Mission to the Seafarers was of great importance. St Mary’s Church served as the Pro-Cathedral from during World War I and again from 1925-1938
1938 - St Mary’s Church sold to the Greek Catholic Church and the St Mary’s Waqf started (now managed by JMECA for the benefit of the diocese)
1938 - On 25 April, the Feast of St Mark, patron saint of Egypt, Bishop Gwynne established the second All Saints Cathedral in Cairo and the Archbishop of York, Dr. William Temple, consecrated it
1950 - The “Episcopal Church in Egypt” was formed under Bishop Geoffrey Allen to distance itself from the Church of England due to the sense of colonialism following World War II
1956 - after a decade of political unrest in Egypt, the government forced all expatriates to repatriate, leaving only four Egyptian clergy, temporarily under the direct oversight of the Archbishop in Jerusalem. Sadly many Anglican churches in Egypt were destroyed, some were taken by or given to other denominations
1963 - All Saints Cathedral was given notice by President Gamal Abdel Nasser of its future demolition to make way for the bridge connecting El Gezira to Ramses
1974 - Following a new era of training and equipping indigenous leaders, the first Egyptian bishop, Isaaq Musaad was consecrated
1978 - All Saints Cathedral was destroyed ridding the Cairo skyline of anything “Christian” or “colonial.”
1984 - Ghais Abdel Malik became the second Egyptian bishop (1984-2000) and later the President Bishop of the Province (1996-2000)
1988 - On the Feast of St. Mark, 25 April, the third and present All Saints Cathedral in Cairo
2000 - Bishop Mouneer Anis became the third Egyptian bishop (2000-present)
2007 - Bishop Mouneer Anis became President Bishop of the Province (2007-2017)
2007 - Bishop Mouneer consecrated Andrew Proud to be the first “Area Bishop for the Horn of Africa” covering Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia and Dijibouti due to the large geographical area of the Diocese, the varying cultures and languages, and the increase in ministry
2009 - Bishop Mouneer consecrated Dr Bill Musk to be the first “Area Bishop for North Africa” covering Algeria, Tunisia and Libya
2012 - Bishop Mouneer consecrated Dr Grant LeMarquand as the second “Area Bishop for the Horn of Africa”
2017 - Bishop Mouneer consecrated Bishop Samy Fawzy as the first Arab “Area Bishop of Horn of Africa”
2019 - September: Bishop Rajan Vincent Jacob was consecrated as Area Bishop for Gambella
2019 - December: The Diocese of Egypt with North Africa and the Horn of Africa given the green light to leave the Province of Jerusalem and the Middle East and form as a separate province, to be known as the Province of Alexandria, consisting of four dioceses; Egypt, North Africa, the Horn of Africa and Gambella
2020 - April: Bishop Samy Fawzy elected as co-adjutor Bishop of the Diocese of Egypt with North Africa and the Horn of Africa
29 June 2020 - the diocese was elevated to the status of an ecclesiastical province, and became the forty-first province of the Anglican Communion
List of Bishops in Egypt:
Bishop in Egypt and the Sudan
1920–1946 Llewellyn Gwynne, with Assistant Bishop Morris Gelsthorpe
The Diocese of Sudan was separated from Egypt
Bishop in Egypt
1947 - 1952 Geoffrey Allen
1952–1958 Francis Johnston
Diocese suspended
1969–1974 Kenneth Cragg
1974–1984 Ishaq Musaad
1985–2000 Ghais Abdel Malik
Bishop in Egypt with North Africa and the Horn of Africa:
2000 - 2020 Mouneer Anis, Area Bishops installed in the Horn of Africa (2007), North Africa (2009) and Gambella (2019)